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Limitations of LEL Sensors

Limitations of catalytic pellistor LEL sensors

Limitations of catalytic pellistor LEL sensors
  • Flame arrestor limits molecules larger than nine carbons (nonane) from entering sensor
  • Even when molecules are able to diffuse into sensor: the larger the molecule the lower the relative response
  • Easily poisoned
  • Exposure to high concentration combustible gas damaging to sensor
  • Detects combustible gas by catalytic oxidation
  • When exposed to gas oxidation reaction causes bead to heat
  • Requires oxygen to detect gas!

Combustible sensor poisons

  • Combustible sensor poisons:
    • Silicones (by far the most virulent poison)
    • Hydrogen sulfide
    • Other sulfur containing compounds
    • Phosphates and phosphorus containing substances
    • Lead containing compounds (especially tetraethyl lead)
    • High concentrations of flammable gas!
  • Combustible sensor inhibitors:
    • Halogenated hydrocarbons (Freons®, trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, etc.)

Effects of H2S on combustible gas sensors

  • H2S affects sensor as inhibitor AND as poison
    • Inhibitors like trichloroethane and methylene chloride leave deposit on active bead that depresses gas readings while inhibitor is present
    • Sensor generally recovers most of original response once it is returned to fresh air
  • H2S functions as inhibitor BUT byproducts of catalytic oxidation become very corrosive if they build up on active bead in sensor
    • Corrosive effect can rapidly (and permanently) damage bead if not "cooked off" fast enough)
    • How efficiently bead "cooks off" contaminants is function of:
      • Temperature at which bead is operated
      • Size of the bead
      • Whether bead under continuous power versus pulsing the power rapidly on and off to save operating energy.

"Silicone resistant" vs. "standard" pellistor type LEL sensors

pellistor type LEL sensors
  • "Silicone resistant" combustible sensors have an external silicone filter capable of removing most silicone vapor before it can diffuse into the sensor
    • Silicone vapor is the most virulent of all combustible sensor poisons
    • Filter also slows or slightly reduces response to heavier hydrocarbons such as hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, cumene, etc.
    • The heavier the compound, the greater the effect on response

Effects of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDS) on pellistor sensor

hexamethyldisiloxane